Why do women suffer from thyroid problems more than men?

Bangla Press Desk: Thyroid problems can affect both men and women; however, the condition is more prevalent among women. Factors such as hormonal fluctuations, the role of the immune system, and physical changes across different life stages play a significant part in this. Therefore, it is essential to remain informed about thyroid health and consult a doctor when necessary.
According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA), women are several times more likely than men to develop thyroid disorders. But why is this prevalence higher in women? At what age does the risk increase? What are the underlying reasons for this?
Hormonal fluctuations in women are linked to thyroid function. Significant hormonal changes occur during stages such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Additionally, a higher susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in women is associated with thyroid issues. For these reasons, women face a comparatively higher risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, near the trachea (windpipe). Hormones secreted by this gland play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, temperature regulation, heart rate, and growth and development. In women, thyroid hormones are also linked to the menstrual cycle and reproductive health.
The thyroid gland primarily produces T3 and T4 hormones. If the production of these hormones falls below the body's needs, the condition is known as hypothyroidism; conversely, if production becomes excessive, it is called hyperthyroidism. Both conditions can disrupt the body's normal functioning.
At what age is the risk of thyroid problems highest?
Thyroid problems can occur at any age. However, various thyroid problems are more frequently observed in women during middle age, particularly between the ages of 30 and 60. Changes in thyroid function can also occur during pregnancy and after childbirth. The risk may increase with age.
That said, the condition is not limited to any specific age group. Family history, autoimmune diseases, and other physical factors also influence the risk.
What can happen if thyroid problems are neglected?
An imbalance in thyroid hormones can affect the functioning of various organs in the body. Low hormone levels can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, or dry skin. Conversely, high hormone levels can cause heart palpitations, excessive sweating, hand tremors, weight loss, and sleep disturbances.
If left untreated for a long period, thyroid problems can be linked to irregular heartbeats, cardiac complications, and other health issues. Therefore, if symptoms appear, it is important not to ignore them and to seek medical advice.
What can you do to keep your thyroid healthy?
Not all thyroid problems can be prevented through lifestyle changes alone; however, healthy habits help maintain overall well-being.
Eat a balanced and nutritious diet.
Exercise regularly and ensure adequate sleep.
Do not take excessive iodine or other supplements without consulting a doctor.
If you have symptoms or a family history of thyroid issues, undergo the necessary tests as advised by a doctor.
If you are on thyroid medication, take it consistently and do not stop without consulting your doctor.
In most cases, thyroid problems can be kept under control with appropriate treatment if detected early. Therefore, it is best to consult a doctor without delay if symptoms arise.
BP/TD